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Radiation Risk Communication for Paediatric Patients in Nuclear Medicine
SOVADINOVÁ, Petra
Radiation protection in pediatric patients is a very current topic as the use of ionizing radiation in children's medicine is an integral part of the diagnosis or treatment of many diseases. International attention is paid to radiosensitivity in children. This is because a child's organism is much more sensitive to radiation than an adult's, and many parents are afraid of exposing their child to the risks of ionizing radiation. It may also happen that they may refuse the examination, but consistent and understandable communication between experts and parents can contribute to greater trust and mental peace of both the parents and their child patient. In the theoretical part, the problem of ionizing radiation, its effects on the human organism and the use of ionizing radiation in medicine, specifically in examinations at the nuclear medicine department, are described. The diploma thesis is focused on the risks in pediatric patients who undergo an examination in which ionizing radiation is used. The main goal of the diploma thesis is to emphasize the importance of ionizing radiation in medicine and to find out how communication between parents and a specialist takes place before the examination. It also appeals to the positive benefits of the examination outweighing the risks. A part of the research investigation is to find out whether parents are aware of the examination their child is undergoing and whether it contributes to alleviating their fears about the application of ionizing radiation. The research part is processed in the form of a questionnaire survey with the parents of child patients and interviews with experts in nuclear medicine.
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Communication about radiation risks in medicine from the perspective of ethics
KAFKOVÁ, Monika
The diploma thesis deals with communication about radiation risks in medicine from the perspective of ethics. The aim of this work is to evaluate the quality of communication about radiation risks in medicine. Furthermore, it finds out what level of knowledge of ethical bases of communication radiology assistants and patients have. The work consists of a theoretical and a practical part. The theoretical part provides information about ionizing radiation, history of radiology, X-rays. Furthermore, the effects of radiation, principles and methods of radiation protection are described, as well as medical exposure, ethics in the radiation protection system and process ethical values. In the practical part, a survey was conducted focusing on communication about radiation risks in medicine from the point of view of ethics. Questionnaires were distributed to radiodiagnostic departments of selected hospitals. A sample of respondents consisted of 60 radiological assistants and 150 patients. The results of the questionnaire survey are processed into graphs. Based on the evaluation of all questionnaires, most patients are informed about radiation risks depending on the type of examination. Informed consent and verbal expression are among the most common ways of education about radiation risks. The results also show that a large proportion of respondents has not addressed any ethical issues in this context yet, and most radiology assistants have not even received any training in health ethics. Especially among patients, ignorance of some ethical concepts was an obstacle to completing certain questions in the questionnaire.
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Radiation protection of pediatric radiodiagnostic
VÁLKOVÁ, Alena
In my thesis I deal with ionizing radiation, its origin, its effects and principles. I also deal with radiation protection and its principles, medical exposure and pediatric radiodiagnostics in terms of imaging methods and specifics of radiation protection in paediatrics. And whether all the methods used to reduce radiation exposure in children undergoing ionizing radiation are used. Part of the work is also devoted to the way of communication in this area and awareness, whether it is paid enough attention or this area is neglected in the Czech Republic.
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X-ray examination indicated at health center Strakonice depending on age
BRAUEROVÁ, Pavla
This thesis deals in theoretical part with X-rays, x-ray examinations of children and the elderly, radiation protection and medical exposure and requests for examination, the practical part drawn by x-ray examinations at the Health Center Strakonice Ltd. in the years 2010 - 2014 and conditions exhibited a request for examination in 2014. I set two aims, namely: Analyze the differences in X-ray indication among doctors depending on their expertise and age distribution of patients. Analyze the administrative formalities regarding the processing of requisitions for X-rays. To achieve the goals I have performed analysis and subsequent processing of data for the period of five years 2010 - 2014 concerning the age distribution of patients and formalites of requisitions for X-rays. I have processed statistical surveys created at the Health Center Strakonice Ltd. and the data from operational diaries and requisitions. The obtained data have been organized into graphs. There were defined two research questions: 1.Are practitioners for adults indicate substantial majority of RTG examination? 2. Are most common content gaps in the terms of the X-ray requisitions missing description of the disease and data on height and weight of the patient? At first research question can be answered in the negative and the other positive. In conclusion we can say that the X-rays still enjoys great popularity among imaging techniques due to its simplicity and accessibility. However, it is important to correctly indicate and ensure the right level of radiation protection, especially in pediatric patients.
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Methods of checking the observance of diagnostic reference levels in the field of radiodiagnostics
KROUPOVÁ, Helena
Methods of Checking the Observance of Diagnostic Reference Levels in the Field of Radio diagnostics Although there is a simultaneous development of diagnostic and therapeutic methods, perfection of instrumentation and means for personnel and patient protection, there is also an effort to reduce applied doses. In this way, medical irradiation caused by ionizing radiation used in medicine represents a significant contribution to the total dose of ionizing radiation that a person is exposed. Today the medical radiation in the Czech Republic comprises more than ninety per cent of radiation from an artificial source and approximately one ninth from the total population radiation. Evaluation of professional doctor radiation and X-ray devices attendance has been safeguarded within the personal dosimetry for many decades. However, systematic monitoring of doses related to medical radiation of the patient is a relatively new problem in the radiodiagnostics sphere. According to the Council directive 97/43/EUROATOM requirement, the SUJB has stated the so called ``diagnostic reference levels{\crqq} within enclosure number 9, Regulation No. 307/2002 Coll., about radiation protection. These ``diagnostic reference levels{\crqq} are dose levels within medical radiation and their exceeding is not expected at the 70 kg adult patient medical examination in the case of correct practice. The systematic exceeding of diagnostic reference levels under clinical practice conditions is the reason for reconsideration of radiation protection optimalization at a given workplace. In accordance with the proposal of the National Radiology Standards for Radiology Physics, the author team recommends the monitoring extension of the patient radiating load related to a particular medical radiation by specifying the local diagnostic reference levels, typical for a given type of workplace at a particular keeper, and their continuous verification within the clinical examination of the standard group of patients. Generally, the doses can be determined in two ways: by exposure parameter calculation or by product measure of area kerma, which is generally implemented by special devices, so called DAP meters. The aim of the work is the description of both methods, their comparison and the evaluation of the method effectiveness at various types of sciagrammatic workplaces.
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